Concepts- Human Body Facts

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Concept 35: What Are the 10 Most Common Birth Defects?

A: The 10 most common birth defects are: Congenital heart defects: These are abnormalities in the heart's structure and function, and affect approximately 1 in 100 newborns. Down syndrome: This genetic condition results from an extra copy of chromosome 21, and occurs in approximately 1 in 700 births. Cleft lip and palate: This occurs when the tissues that form the roof of the mouth and upper lip do not join together properly during fetal development, and affects approximately 1 in 700 births. Neural tube defects: These are birth defects that occur when the neural tube, which forms the brain and spinal cord, fails to close properly during fetal development. Neural tube defects affect approximately 1 in 1,000 births. Clubfoot: This is a condition in which a baby's foot is turned inward or downward. It affects approximately 1 in 1,000 births. Polydactyly: This is a condition in which a baby is born with extra fingers or toes, and affects approximately 1 in 500 births. Spina bifid...

Concept 34: What is difference between Down Syndrome and Trisomy?

Ans: Down syndrome and Trisomy are both genetic disorders caused by an abnormal number of chromosomes. However, they are distinct conditions with different characteristics and outcomes. Down syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. This extra genetic material affects physical and cognitive development, leading to intellectual disability, characteristic facial features, and a higher risk of certain health problems such as heart defects, hearing loss, and vision problems. Down syndrome occurs in about 1 in every 700 births. Trisomy, also known as Edwards syndrome, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 18. This extra genetic material affects development in a more severe way than Down syndrome, leading to multiple birth defects and a high rate of infant mortality. Babies with Trisomy have a small head and jaw, clenched fists with overlapping fingers, and often have heart, kidney...

Concept: 15- Why do we get bags under our eyes?

Genetics: As mentioned earlier, some people may be more prone to developing bags under their eyes due to genetic factors. Age: As we age, the skin around our eyes becomes thinner and loses elasticity, which can lead to bags. Lack of sleep: Not getting enough sleep can cause blood vessels under the eyes to dilate, leading to dark circles and bags. Allergies: Allergic reactions can cause inflammation and swelling around the eyes, resulting in bags and puffiness. Fluid retention: Consuming a diet high in sodium, drinking alcohol, or not drinking enough water can cause fluid retention, which can lead to bags under the eyes. Sinus congestion: When the sinuses become congested, it can cause fluid to accumulate around the eyes, leading to bags. Dehydration: Not drinking enough water can cause dehydration, which can make the skin around the eyes appear more sunken and make bags more prominent. Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions such as thyroid problems, kidney disease, and autoimm...

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